Welcome to your PBwiki!
OK here are some questions on Pompeii & Herculaneum. Because you have access to this site 24/7, I expect you to use what's on here for your own study. Use the questions on here for practice. If you like, you can write answers and submit them to me for comment, either in class or by e-mail.My address is "dylan.worley@education.nsw.gov.au"
You need to be able to use the following words confidently, knowing their meaning and context.''peristyle, pontifex, pumice, pyroclastic, senator, tabernae, tablinum, thermae, tepidarium, triclinium, tufa, villa, atrium, calidarium, client, domus, forum, fresco, frigidarium, garum, graffiti, insula, lares, lararium, mosaic, palaestra, papyri.''
****make a list of the above words & their meanings ************write the meanings as much as possible in your own words.
You may find information on the restoration of Herculaneum on websites connected to the Packard Humanities Institute which began a large project in July 2004.
More than 2.5 million tourists visit Pompeii and 0.5 million visit Herculaneum each year.Problems caused include vandalism, theft, wear & tear, apart from the deterioration by the elements (wind, sun, rain, dust, frost, feral plants & animals.)
Why were Pompeiian bones displayed in the past? Is it respectable to continue to do this? Are the bones important to our understanding of the site?
What differences were there in the effects of the eruption on a) the towns, b) the evacuees, c) the later excavations?
How can evidence of graffiti be used to learn about Pompeiian life?
Summarise the achievements of the following archaeologists at Pompeii and Herculaneum. Which ones contributed the most? Vittorio Spinazzola (Pompeii 1911 1924), August Mau (Pompeii 1873 to 1909), Amedeo Maiuri (Pompeii 1924 to 1961). Also, what have Australians Estelle Lazer and Sara Bisel contributed?
Please have a go at all the above questions in your revision study time to keep yourself updated with this topic.
Now for some Athenian society stuff which you can research for yourself!
Language of the Athenians is vital, so you will need to know the meanings of the following and be able to use them in your work... agora (the central business district (CBD) of Athens. strategos (one of ten Athenian generals), Panathenaic Way... the road which led from the Dipylon gate to the acropolis, along which an annual procession passed... (pan means across.)
hoplite... an Athenian foot soldier, armed with a round shield, a spear, short sword, tunic and greaves. Metic... a resident of Athens involved in some kind of trade, without voting rights, not able to own property outright, a taxpayer. Metics were welcome in Athens and could make a lot of money. An Athenian citizen was someone male, over 18, enrolled to vote, did not pay tax, was liable for jury and other civic duties, and could be called up into the army when necessary. Memorise all of the above.
The Parthenon is probably the most well known building which has ever existed. There are very good reasons for this. It was designed to eliminate any optical illusions and was erected as a sacred place to Athena Parthenos (the virgin). There was a huge statue of her erected inside, made of gold, ivory and wood. She carried a spear, shield, helmet and held a Nike in her hand. What __IS______''****a Nike, you ask??? I'll tell you in class. Be the first to ask me...
OK, Pericles. In what year was he born? Who were his parents? What connection was there between his mother and the process of the fledgling democracy? Pericles' first wife was his cousin, (Elpineke), why would he marry his cousin? Pericles' education was very specific in content. Does this indicate specific career goal(s) for his adult life?, if so, what were they? Pericles' teachers were known as "sophists". What does this mean? Why don't we have sophists as teachers today? (or do we?) I typed this in on Monday 5th March. The first student to present answers to all of the above questions on Pericles (in writing) will win a prize... (chocolate!.)
Too late now!! the answers have been submitted and the prize has been won by Mark!!
Bad luck to the people who were too late, but don't worry, there are many more chocolates left in the box...
OK, here are some more review questions. (Thankyou for reminding me, Mark).
See if you can find a good picture of a frieze on the Parthenon. It will be an action scene, so try to identify what is happening and what the role of each person is in the scene.
Next, using the aerial view of the acropolis in the Learning Centre, draw a sketch showing the location and relative size of the buildings as a birds eye view.
Thirdly, in relation to the two previous questions, who took part in the Greater Panathenaea? Mention specific groups and what they did. I think we might spend some class time on these questions too. pericles photo.docpericles photo.doc
Here is a question which is a curly one. It requires high order thinking and a focus on the word "personally". You may like to have a go at it, but remember it would be one worth 25 marks in the HSC and must be in essay form, using appropriate quotes and specific examples as well as appropriate historical terms & concepts.
"''
****"To what extent was Pericles personally responsible for the outbreak of the Peloponnesian war?"
Now Pericles was an intriguing character. Very successful career militarily and politically. How did his early education and family background help him achieve the things he did? (be specific with events, actions, policies, peoples' names.)
And speaking of Pericles' contemporaries, how does Cimon's military career compare with Pericles' military career? Did they have the same objectives?, did they use similar tactics? What were the outcomes of the actions of each man? Who comes out looking better in ancient times? who looks better with hindsight? why?...don't forget that if one looks better than the other now, you may be placing your own 21st century values on the evidence... beware of this! Answer these questions (in writing) separately;
(i) Evaluate Cimon's military career
(ii) Evaluate Pericles' military career. Use appropriate sources and historical terms & concepts.
Now Plutarch, in section 7 of ''Life of Pericles'''''' says "the fact that he was rich and that he came from a distinguished family and possessed exceedingly powerful; friends made the fear of ostracism very real to him ". How did ostracism work? how did Pericles ensure that he was not ostracised? who were his enemies? In what way might some Athenian be perceived as a threat to Athens?
Now about Pompeii... explore the links between Estelle Lazer's work and the ancient diets of the people. What do you find?... the staple diet of everyone of course was bread, but not bread as we know it today. The milling process produced lots of grit, which of course impacted on people's teeth. What did Ms. Lazer find? what effects must this have had on society? Were there lots of dentists? Did people "dunk" their bread to soften it, and if so, in what? Memorise the contents of a typical main meal. Was their diet a good one by our standards? In what ways?
I'll put more questions on later for you, the above might get you thinking and writing. Don't forget that when you study you must write at the same time. Please don't simply read sources without writing because that is a very inefficient way to study. Hope you are having a good holiday as well as working... I'm still saving your present until the results come out!
I've found a couple of reasonable websites for you. One concerns Themistocles, who is important for the essay question in part 4 of the HSC paper. The site is http://www.livius.org/th/themistocles/themistocles.html. There are other sites which give similar information. Once you know about the man, ask yourself questions such as; "To what extent did his policies enable the Greeks to defeat the Persians?" , or "How did Themistocles use ostracism and how was it used against him?" or "Assess Themistocles' contributions to Athens." Write substantial answers to the above questions,referring to sources.
Another site which is useful is; http://www.korcula.net/history/mmarelic/agepericles.htm
- this site is a long summary of the Periclean age, most of which should be familiar to you. It is good to read because it gives a an overview of the important events and personalities and tends to tie things together in a couple of pages. Print it off and underline the important parts. Once you have done this, turn your thinking around and write some questions which you may get thrown at you. Use terms such as; discuss, assess, describe, "to what extent". Frame some easy questions, answer them in writing, then try the harder ones. Send the questions and answers to me if you wish at my e-mail address (listed above). Good luck with all your exams... I'm thinking of you and have high expectations of you all. 22.10.07
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